What is general rules of pleading?

Hello LegalFlow Readers, In This Article We Talks About general rules of pleading.

According to Rule 1, Pleading means plaint or written statement

Rule 8. General Rules of Pleading or Rule 8 of Pleading -

(1) Claim for Relief. A pleading that states a claim for relief must contain :

(a) a short and plain statement of the grounds for the court's jurisdiction, unless the court already has jurisdiction and the claim needs no new jurisdictional support.

(b) a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief; and (c) a demand for the relief sought, which may include relief in the alternative or different types of relief.

(2) Defenses, Admissions and Denials:

(a) In General. In responding to a pleading, a party must :

(१) state in short and plain terms its defenses to each claim asserted against it; and

(२) admit or deny the allegations asserted against it by an opposing party.

(b) Denials Responding to the Substance. A denial must fairly respond to the substance of the allegation.

(c) General and Specific Denials. A party that intends in good faith to deny all the allegations of a pleading including the jurisdictional grounds may do so by a general denial. A party that does not intend to deny all the allegations must either specifically deny designated allegations or generally deny all except those specifically admitted.

(d) Denying Part of an Allegation. A party that intends in good faith to deny only part of an allegation must admit the part that is true and deny the rest.

(e) Lacking Knowledge or Information. A party that lacks knowledge or information sufficient to form a belief about the truth of an allegation must so state, and the statement has the effect of a denial. 

(f) Effect of Failing to Deny. An allegation—other than one relating to the amount of damages—is admitted if a responsive pleading is required and the allegation is not denied. If a responsive pleading is not required, an allegation is considered denied or avoided.

(3) Affirmative Defenses:

(a) In General. In responding to a pleading, a party must affirmatively state any avoidance or affirmative defense, including:

• accord and satisfaction;

• arbitration and award;

• assumption of risk;

• contributory negligence;

• duress;

• estoppel;

• failure of consideration;

• fraud;

• illegality;

• injury by fellow servant;

• laches;

• license.